Uncover Compressed Supersymmetry via Boosted Bosons from the Heavier Stop/Sbottom

A light stop around the weak scale is a hopeful messenger of natural supersymmetry (SUSY), but it has not shown up at the current stage of LHC. Such a situation raises the question of the fate of natural SUSY. Actually, a relatively light stop can easily be hidden in a compressed spectra such as mild mass degeneracy between stop and neutralino plus top quark. Searching for such a stop at the LHC is a challenge. On the other hand, in terms of the argument of natural SUSY, other members in the stop sector, including a heavier stop $\tilde{t}_2$ and lighter sbottom $\tilde{b}_1$ (both assumed to be left-handed-like), are also supposed to be relatively light and therefore searching for them would provide an alternative method to probe natural SUSY with a compressed spectrum. In this paper we consider quasi-natural SUSY which tolerates relatively heavy colored partners near the TeV scale, with a moderately large mass gap between the heavier members and the lightest stop. Then $W/Z/h$ as companions of $\tilde{t}_2$ and $\tilde{b}_1$ decaying into $\tilde{t}_1$ generically are well boosted, and they, along with other visible particles from $\tilde{t}_1$ decay, are a good probe to study compressed SUSY. We find that the resulting search strategy with boosted bosons can have better sensitivity than those utilizing multi-leptons.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, to appear in EPJ

Minimal Dark Matter in the Local B−LB-L Extension

The minimal gauge group extension to the standard model (SM) by the local $U(1)_{B-L}$ (MBLSM) is well known as the minimal model to understand neutrino mass origins via the seesaw mechanism, following the gauge principle. This "small" symmetry also has deep implication to another big thing, dark matter (DM) stability. We demonstrate it in the framework of minimal dark matter (MDM), which aims at addressing two basic questions on DM, stability and the nature of interactions. However, stability and perturbativity may only allow the fermionic quintuplet. The situation is very different in the MBLSM, which leaves the subgroup of $U(1)_{B-L}$, the matter parity $(-1)^{3(B-L)}$, unbroken; it is able to stabilize all of the weakly-interacting {MDM candidates } after assigning a proper $U(1)_{B-L}$ charge. For the candidates with nonzero hypercharge, the phenomenological challenge comes from realizing the inelastic DM scenario thus evading the very strict DM direct detention bounds. We present two approaches that can slightly split the CP-even and -odd parts of the neutral components: 1) using the dimension 5 operators, which works for the $U(1)_{B-L}$ spontaneously breaking at very high scale; 2) mixing with {other fields} having zero hypercharge, which instead works for a low $U(1)_{B-L}$ breaking scale.Comment: 13 pages without figure

Unleashing the potential of prompt engineering in Large Language Models: a comprehensive review

This paper delves into the pivotal role of prompt engineering in unleashing the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Prompt engineering is the process of structuring input text for LLMs and is a technique integral to optimizing the efficacy of LLMs. This survey elucidates foundational principles of prompt engineering, such as role-prompting, one-shot, and few-shot prompting, as well as more advanced methodologies such as the chain-of-thought and tree-of-thoughts prompting. The paper sheds light on how external assistance in the form of plugins can assist in this task, and reduce machine hallucination by retrieving external knowledge. We subsequently delineate prospective directions in prompt engineering research, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of structures and the role of agents in Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) tools. We discuss how to assess the efficacy of prompt methods from different perspectives and using different methods. Finally, we gather information about the application of prompt engineering in such fields as education and programming, showing its transformative potential. This comprehensive survey aims to serve as a friendly guide for anyone venturing through the big world of LLMs and prompt engineering

Towards Spatio-temporal Sea Surface Temperature Forecasting via Static and Dynamic Learnable Personalized Graph Convolution Network

Sea surface temperature (SST) is uniquely important to the Earth's atmosphere since its dynamics are a major force in shaping local and global climate and profoundly affect our ecosystems. Accurate forecasting of SST brings significant economic and social implications, for example, better preparation for extreme weather such as severe droughts or tropical cyclones months ahead. However, such a task faces unique challenges due to the intrinsic complexity and uncertainty of ocean systems. Recently, deep learning techniques, such as graphical neural networks (GNN), have been applied to address this task. Even though these methods have some success, they frequently have serious drawbacks when it comes to investigating dynamic spatiotemporal dependencies between signals. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel static and dynamic learnable personalized graph convolution network (SD-LPGC). Specifically, two graph learning layers are first constructed to respectively model the stable long-term and short-term evolutionary patterns hidden in the multivariate SST signals. Then, a learnable personalized convolution layer is designed to fuse this information. Our experiments on real SST datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performances of the proposed approach on the forecasting task

Graphene-oxide modified polyvinyl-alcohol as microbial carrier to improve high salt wastewater treatment

This work discussed the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide (GO) modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for bacteria immobilization to enhance the biodegrdation efficiency of saline organic wastewater. GO-PVA material has lamellar structure with higher surface area to support bacterial growth and high salinity tolerance. It significantly stimulated the bacterial population by 1.4 times from 2.07×103 CFU/mL to 5.04×103 CFU/mL, and the microbial structure was also improved for salinity tolerance. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Thermophilic hydrogen bacilli were enriched inside GO-PVA materials for glucose biodegradation. Compared to the CODCr removal efficiency with only PVA as the carrier (52.8%), GO-PVA material had better degradation performance (62.8%). It is proved as a good candidate for bioaugmentation to improve biodegradation efficiency in hypersaline organic wastewater

Lattice study on ηc2\eta_{c2} and X(3872)

Properties of $2^{-+}$ charmonium $\eta_{c2}$ are investigated in quenched lattice QCD. The mass of $\eta_{c2}$ is determined to be 3.80(3) GeV, which is close to the mass of $D$-wave charmonium $\psi(3770)$ and in agreement with quark model predictions. The transition width of $\eta_{c2}\to \gamma J/\psi$ is also obtained with a value $\Gamma=3.8(9)$ keV. Since the possible $2^{-+}$ assignment to X(3872) has not been ruled out by experiments, our results help to clarify the nature of X(3872).Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. typos, grammatical errors and some references corrected, redundant discussions deleted, conclusion does not change. published versio

Non-perturbative renormalization of overlap quark bilinears on 2+1-flavor domain wall fermion configurations

We present renormalization constants of overlap quark bilinear operators on 2+1-flavor domain wall fermion configurations. This setup is being used by the chiQCD collaboration in calculations of physical quantities such as strangeness in the nucleon and the strange and charm quark masses. The scale independent renormalization constant for the axial vector current is computed using the Ward Identity. The renormalization constants for scalar, pseudoscalar and vector current are calculated in the RI-MOM scheme. Results in the MS-bar scheme are also given. The step scaling function of quark masses in the RI-MOM scheme is computed as well. The analysis uses, in total, six different ensembles of three sea quarks each on two lattices with sizes 24^3x64 and 32^3x64 at spacings a=(1.73 GeV)^{-1} and (2.28 GeV)^{-1}, respectively.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures. More discussions on O(4) breaking effects, and on the perturbative running and a^2p^2 extrapolation of Zs. A subsection for the calculation of the step scaling function of quark mass is added. References added. Version to appear in PR